a sociologist, writer, and politician. As an academic, he focused on social theory and researching social structures.

His research in Miastko resulted in a widespread debate over the sources of support for the Law and Justice party. He’s been involved with Krytyka Polityczna, a publication constituting an important source of public debate in Poland, for many years. He was elected to the Polish Parliament in 2019 as a representative of the Małopolska voivodeship, an area with strong support for PiS, from the list of “The Left” alliance.