Professor of European Studies, University of Oxford, Isaiah Berlin Professorial Fellow at St. Antony’s College, Oxford, and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.

He is the author of ten books of contemporary history and political writing, including most recently a new edition of “The Magic Lantern: The Revolution of ’89 Witnessed in Warsaw, Budapest, Berlin, & Prague”, with a new chapter about the last 30 years. He also writes a widely-syndicated column on international affairs in The Guardian.

In 2017 he was awarded the International Charlemagne Prize for services to European unity.